The tundra is a biome that consists of long winters and short summers. The soil consists of two layers. The first, is the active layer, which freezes and thaws. The active layer also, although low in nutrients, is able to support a wide variety of vegitation with shallow root systems, such as lichens. The second layer is permafrost, which is a dense layer of permanently frozen ground. The tundra is one of the coldest and driest biomes, with annual temparatures plummeting as low as -70 degrees farenheit and an annual precipitation level of only 6 to 10 inches per year.
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